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Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Regulating Lithium Plating Behavior in Lithium-Metal Batteries via Molten-Lithium Processing With Inorganic

Chaerim Kim1,2, Jinyeong Choi1,2, Chaerin Jung1,2

  • 1Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel gradient interphase for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). This interphase enhances battery stability and performance by enabling uniform lithium deposition and suppressing dendrite growth, paving the way for safer, next-generation energy storage.

Keywords:
alloylithiumlithium metal anodelithium metal batterymolten lithiumzinc fluoride

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) offer high energy density but face challenges like dendrite growth and poor electrode stability.
  • Current copper collectors exhibit poor lithiophilicity, hindering uniform lithium deposition and battery cycle life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel interphase for lithium metal batteries to overcome current limitations.
  • To enhance the stability and performance of LMBs through improved interfacial engineering.

Main Methods:

  • A self-assembled gradient interphase (SGI) was synthesized in situ by reacting molten lithium with ZnF2.
  • The SGI's dual-layer structure, comprising LiZn alloy and LiF, was analyzed for its functional properties.
  • Symmetric cells with the SGI interphase were subjected to long-term cycling tests.

Main Results:

  • The SGI exhibits a unique vertically graded architecture with distinct LiZn alloy and LiF sublayers.
  • The LiZn alloy layer facilitates uniform lithium nucleation and ion transport, while the LiF layer ensures interfacial stability and air resistance.
  • Symmetric cells demonstrated remarkable cycling stability, operating for 3000 hours under demanding conditions (4 mA cm-2/16 mAh cm-2).

Conclusions:

  • The developed SGI effectively addresses key challenges in LMBs, including dendrite formation and interfacial instability.
  • The spatially separated functional layers within the SGI provide superior performance compared to conventional single-layer coatings.
  • This gradient interphase strategy offers a promising pathway for the practical realization of high-performance lithium metal batteries.