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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes
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Published on: February 17, 2023

Slit2/Robo Signaling Restores Diabetic Erectile Function via Neurovascular Remodeling.

Sen Fu1, Peng Hu1, Zizhong Yang1

  • 1Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Andrology
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Restoring Slit2/Robo signaling with AAV-Slit2 effectively treats diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction by regenerating nerves and blood vessels. This approach offers a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic erectile dysfunction.

Keywords:
Slit2/Robo signalingangiogenesisdiabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunctionneural regeneration

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Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat
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Published on: April 23, 2018

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A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes
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Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat
07:43

Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat

Published on: April 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is a significant complication impacting vascular and neural function.
  • Current treatments for DMED show limited efficacy, highlighting the need for therapies that restore endothelial and cavernous nerve integrity.
  • The Slit2/Roundabout (Robo) pathway's role in DMED pathophysiology is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Slit2/Robo pathway in DMED.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of restoring Slit2 signaling in diabetic erectile dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing to identify Slit2 as a key signaling ligand.
  • Analysis of Slit2-Robo activity in diabetic mouse corpus cavernosum tissues.
  • In vitro assessment of Slit2-N effects on endothelial and neuronal cells under high glucose conditions.
  • In vivo evaluation of adeno-associated virus-mediated Slit2 (AAV-Slit2) delivery in diabetic mice.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell profiling identified Slit2 as crucial for corpus cavernosum development.
  • Diabetic mice showed reduced Slit2-Robo signaling in endothelial and neuronal cells.
  • Slit2-N treatment in vitro promoted angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth, dependent on Robo1/4.
  • AAV-Slit2 delivery in vivo improved erectile function, enhanced neurovascular regeneration, and reduced fibrosis in diabetic mice.

Conclusions:

  • Slit2/Robo signaling is a critical pathway disrupted in DMED.
  • Local Slit2 restoration via AAV delivery promotes synchronized neurovascular regeneration and rescues erectile function.
  • Slit2 represents a promising therapeutic target for addressing the root causes of DMED.