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Ocular Microstructural Alterations in Children With Spina Bifida: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.

Gamze Ucan Gunduz¹, Sema Nizam Tekcan¹, Duygu Erdem¹

¹The Departments of Ophthalmology and.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

|June 18, 2026

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Children with spina bifida show retinal and choroidal changes detectable by optical coherence tomography. These may indicate impaired macular development and are linked to shorter axial length.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pediatric Ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology

Background:

Spina bifida is a complex congenital condition impacting neurological development.
Ocular complications in spina bifida are not fully understood.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows detailed imaging of retinal and optic nerve head structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate microstructural differences in the retina, choroid, and optic nerve head in children with spina bifida compared to healthy controls.
To utilize optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detailed ocular tissue analysis.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study included 38 children with spina bifida and 32 controls, matched for age and sex.
Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations were performed.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image the macula, choroid, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer.

Main Results:

Children with spina bifida had significantly shorter axial lengths and higher prevalence of hyperopia.
While central macular thickness was similar, significant retinal layer differences were observed: thicker outer nuclear layer and thinner inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers.
Subfoveal and nasal choroidal thickness were greater in the spina bifida group, but this difference diminished when controlling for axial length.

Conclusions:

Children with spina bifida exhibit retinal and choroidal alterations detectable by OCT.
Retinal changes may suggest impaired macular development associated with spina bifida.
Choroidal thickness variations appear related to axial length differences in this population.