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Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...

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RSM-optimized automated DI-SPME-GC-MS/MS for multi-class trace plasticizers in drinking water.

Ying Zhao1, Hongfang Gao2, Yixin Liu3

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Summary

This study developed an automated method to detect 29 plasticizers in drinking water, finding common contaminants like DEHP and DBP. The technique offers sensitive and broad plasticizer monitoring for water safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Water Quality Analysis

Background:

  • Simultaneous determination of multiple plasticizers in drinking water is challenging due to trace levels, varied properties, and contamination risks.
  • Plasticizers, including phthalate esters (PAEs) and non-phthalate plasticizers (NPPs), are common environmental contaminants with potential health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an automated direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) method coupled with GC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of 29 plasticizers in drinking water.
  • To assess the presence and levels of various plasticizers in end-use and bottled drinking water samples.

Main Methods:

  • An automated DI-SPME method utilizing a DVB/Carbon WR/PDMS SPME Arrow was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM).
  • Gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was employed for sensitive and selective quantification.
  • Cost-effective internal standards were used for accurate quantification of 17 PAEs and 12 NPPs.

Main Results:

  • The optimized method achieved low limits of detection (0.002–0.02 µg L⁻¹) and quantification (0.005–0.05 µg L⁻¹), with excellent linearity (R² ≥ 0.9907) and recoveries (82.24%–119.07%).
  • Analysis of drinking water samples revealed total plasticizer concentrations ranging from 1.33 to 19.5 µg L⁻¹, with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) being the most prevalent.
  • End-use water samples showed a greater diversity of plasticizer species compared to bottled water samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed automated DI-SPME-GC-MS/MS method provides a practical, sensitive, and sustainable platform for comprehensive plasticizer monitoring in drinking water.
  • The method demonstrates broad analyte coverage, automated operation, and minimal matrix effects, suitable for routine water quality assessment.
  • The presence of multiple plasticizers in drinking water highlights the need for continued monitoring and assessment of potential risks.