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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when a person's heart has stopped beating or they are no longer breathing. The foundation of CPR is Basic Life Support (BLS), which focuses on the early recognition of cardiac arrest, the immediate start of high-quality chest compressions, and the timely use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).Assessing Responsiveness and Checking the Carotid PulseWhen approaching an unresponsive person, first ensure...
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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Pediatric Animal Model of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Prolonged Circulatory Arrest
04:55

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Published on: May 26, 2023

Pediatric Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR): Understanding Variations in Systems and Clinical

Maura O'Callaghan1, Jan Belohlavek2, Mirjana Cvetkovic3

  • 1From the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) practices vary significantly among pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers. This study highlights differences in systems and clinical approaches for pediatric cardiac arrest, impacting patient care.

Keywords:
ECPRpediatricpracticesystemsvariations

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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04:55

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05:36

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Published on: January 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Extracorporeal Life Support

Background:

  • Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) requires specialized resources and rapid decision-making for pediatric cardiac arrest.
  • Significant variations in ECPR systems and clinical practices may influence patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the heterogeneity in systems and clinical practices among extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers offering ECPR for neonatal and pediatric patients.
  • To identify variations in ECPR protocols, staffing, and patient populations across different ECMO centers.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was distributed to 53 ECMO centers across all five Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) chapters.
  • The survey assessed ECPR definitions, patient demographics, team activation times, circuit availability, institutional protocols, cannulation practices, staffing, temperature management, and follow-up guidelines.

Main Results:

  • All surveyed centers shared a common understanding of ECPR definition.
  • Significant variations were observed in ICU patient populations, ECPR team activation protocols, 24/7 primed circuit availability (64%), and institutional ECPR protocols (68%).
  • Practices regarding temperature management (71% did not apply cooling), oxygenation/CO2 strategies, and guidelines for organ donation/neurodevelopmental follow-up (44%) showed considerable differences.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial variations exist in the systems and clinical practices of ECMO centers providing pediatric ECPR.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the reasons behind these discrepancies and their impact on patient outcomes in pediatric ECPR.
  • Standardization of ECPR protocols and further investigation into best practices are crucial for improving care for pediatric patients experiencing cardiac arrest.