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Medication Adherence in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Integrative

Misty Evans1, Samereh Abdoli2, Micah Skeens3,4

  • 1School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nursing
|June 18, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Medication adherence is crucial for children with sickle cell disease (SCD) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This review found no studies on adherence in pediatric SCD patients post-HSCT, highlighting a significant research gap.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Sickle Cell Disease Management

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an emerging curative option for pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • Medication adherence is vital for managing SCD and post-HSCT care, yet remains a challenge.
  • No existing synthesis evaluates adherence patterns specifically in pediatric SCD patients after HSCT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and synthesize existing research on medication adherence in pediatric patients with SCD and/or undergoing HSCT.
  • To highlight the research gap concerning adherence in pediatric SCD patients post-HSCT.

Main Methods:

  • An integrative review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO.
  • Searched for studies measuring medication adherence in individuals ≤21 years with SCD and/or HSCT.
  • Included studies reporting adherence rates; excluded intervention or drug development trials.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria (12 on SCD, 6 on HSCT).
  • No studies specifically addressed medication adherence in pediatric SCD patients post-HSCT.
  • Reported adherence rates varied widely: 10%-89% for SCD and 40%-73% for HSCT.
  • Nonadherence was linked to increased complications in both populations.

Conclusions:

  • A significant research gap exists regarding medication adherence in pediatric SCD patients following HSCT.
  • Findings underscore the need for targeted adherence interventions to improve outcomes.
  • Addressing this gap is crucial for advancing nursing practice and optimizing care in pediatric hematology and HSCT.

Keywords:
hematopoietic stem cell transplantationintegrative reviewmedication adherencesickle cell anemiasickle cell disease

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