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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...

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Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-Assisted Scoliosis-Specific Exercise in Mild-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
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Pediatric Sacroiliac Joint: Normal Development and Pathologic Disorders.

Daisy Terumi Kase1,2, Paola Cecy Kuenzer Goes Esmanhotto1,2, Lucas Kenzo Miyahara1,2

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 800, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04024-000, Brazil.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric sacroiliac joint (SIJ) imaging presents challenges due to unique anatomy and developmental variations mimicking pathology. Accurate differentiation of SIJ findings is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Musculoskeletal Imaging
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The pediatric sacroiliac joint (SIJ) has distinct anatomical features compared to adults, complicating imaging interpretation.
  • Developmental variations and normal findings can mimic pathological conditions on imaging.
  • Accurate differentiation is essential to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance radiologists' understanding of the pediatric SIJ.
  • To review unique anatomical characteristics and key imaging features of the pediatric SIJ.
  • To discuss pertinent differential diagnoses for pediatric SIJ abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging findings in the pediatric sacroiliac joint.
  • Discussion of common developmental variations (subchondral irregularities, flaring).
  • Analysis of imaging features associated with inflammatory, infectious, and traumatic sacroiliitis.

Main Results:

  • Subchondral irregularities and flaring are common developmental findings that can be mistaken for pathology.
  • Inflammatory, infectious, and traumatic causes of sacroiliitis have distinct imaging indicators.
  • Unilateral sacroiliitis may suggest infection, while mechanical overload can cause bone marrow edema or stress fractures.

Conclusions:

  • Radiologists must be aware of unique pediatric SIJ anatomy and common variations.
  • Differentiating normal variants from true pathology is critical for optimal patient management.
  • Comprehensive understanding aids in accurate diagnosis and avoids functional impairments.