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Published on: May 7, 2021
Ukrainian chronic traumatization: Three years after Russian full-scale invasion.
Nataliia Frolova1, Roxane Cohen Silver2
1Department of Psychology and Special Education, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University.
Summary
Ukrainian civilians face widespread anxiety, depression, and PTSD three years into the war. Key predictors include lack of future prospects and media consumption, while social connection and exercise offer coping resources.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- The ongoing full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia presents significant mental health challenges.
- Understanding the prevalence and predictors of mental health issues is crucial for civilian support.
- Chronic stress impacts individuals and communities, necessitating an examination of coping mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) across Ukraine.
- To identify individual and collective predictors influencing mental health outcomes.
- To examine resources that aid civilians in coping with chronic war-related stress.
Main Methods:
- An anonymous online survey was administered to 815 Ukrainian civilians between February 10 and March 25, 2025.
- Standardized scales measured anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and PTSD (PCL-5).
- The survey also included assessments of individual/collective traumatic experiences and background information.
Main Results:
- Mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, PTSD) showed no significant regional variation.
- Moderate levels of anxiety (9.24), depression (10.83), and PTSD (29.18) were reported.
- Significant predictors included 'lack of future prospects,' 'media consumption,' 'personal loss,' 'age,' 'risk of occupation,' and 'risk of job loss.' 'Lack of future prospects' was the strongest predictor for anxiety/depression, while 'risk of occupation' was strongest for PTSD.
Conclusions:
- Ukrainian trauma is complex, characterized by individual and collective layers, chronicity, and polytrauma.
- Exposure to mass media significantly correlates with mental health outcomes.
- Communicating with loved ones and physical activity are key resources for mitigating symptomatology.
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