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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Universal Hand-held Three-dimensional Optoacoustic Imaging Probe for Deep Tissue Human Angiography and Functional Preclinical Studies in Real Time

Universal Hand-held Three-dimensional Optoacoustic Imaging Probe for Deep Tissue Human Angiography and Functional Preclinical Studies in Real Time

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Targeted Near-Infrared Photoacoustic Probes for Dual-Channel Cartilage and Bone Imaging.

Lubna Amer¹, Andrew Levitz², Maurice Retout³

¹Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|June 18, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed novel near-infrared photoacoustic probes for simultaneous cartilage and bone imaging. These targeted probes enable dual-channel visualization, addressing a key need in orthopedic research and surgical guidance.

Keywords:

bone cartilage near‐infrared probes photoacoustic imaging spectral unmixing

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Optics
Molecular Imaging
Orthopedic Research

Background:

Simultaneous imaging of cartilage and bone with molecular specificity is a significant unmet need.
Current methods lack the ability to visualize these adjacent tissues concurrently with molecular detail.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel tissue-targeted near-infrared photoacoustic probes for dual-channel visualization of cartilage and bone.
To enable simultaneous imaging of the cartilage-bone interface for orthopedic research and intraoperative guidance.

Main Methods:

Designed and synthesized two probes: Cart-670 (cartilage-targeting) and Osteo-750 (bone-targeting).
Utilized a modular strategy involving NIR-absorbing dyes and specific targeting moieties (cationic for cartilage, bisphosphonate for bone).
Evaluated probe performance using photoacoustic imaging, including detection limits, tissue specificity, and spectral unmixing.

Main Results:

Identified QSY21 as an optimal photoacoustic scaffold with a low limit of detection.
Cart-670 demonstrated preferential retention in cartilage, while Osteo-750 showed significantly higher signal in bone (~200x).
Achieved artifact-free, two-color imaging at 680 and 750 nm via spectral unmixing, confirming multiplexed visualization capability.

Conclusions:

Developed functionalized photoacoustic probes enabling simultaneous, spectrally distinct imaging of cartilage and bone.
Demonstrated the feasibility of multiplexed photoacoustic imaging for visualizing the cartilage-bone interface.
These probes represent a promising tool for advancing orthopedic research and intraoperative guidance.