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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
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Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

Published on: May 23, 2021

Neurobrucellosis: A Narrative Review.

Fereshte Sheybani, Mahboubeh Haddad

    Neuroepidemiology
    |June 18, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neurobrucellosis, a rare complication of Brucella infection, affects the central and peripheral nervous systems, posing diagnostic challenges. Early recognition and prompt antibiotic treatment are crucial to prevent permanent neurological damage.

    Keywords:
    Neurobrucellosismeningitismeningoencephalitis cranial neuropathy.

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    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
    07:50

    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

    Published on: September 20, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Neurobrucellosis is a severe complication of Brucella infection, affecting 3-15% of cases.
    • It accounts for 0.5% of community-acquired central nervous system (CNS) infections.
    • Diagnosis is challenging and can lead to long-term neurological issues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Provide a comprehensive overview of neurobrucellosis.
    • Detail epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostics, and management.
    • Highlight current evidence and diagnostic difficulties.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted a thorough literature review.
    • Included clinical studies, case series, and reviews on neurobrucellosis.

    Main Results:

    • Neurobrucellosis affects both central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS & PNS).
    • CNS involvement includes meningitis, encephalitis, cranial neuropathies, and spinal cord syndromes.
    • PNS involvement may mimic Guillain-Barré syndrome; diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion, CSF analysis, serology, neuroimaging (MRI), and PCR.

    Conclusions:

    • Early recognition and prompt antibiotic therapy are vital for preventing neurological damage.
    • A high index of suspicion is essential, especially in endemic areas or with unexplained neurological symptoms.