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Updated: Jun 20, 2026
04:08
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Maternal Risk Factors for Omphalocele
Anna Fogelström1,2, Taqiyah Chowdhury3, Eva Hagel4
1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, anna.fogelstrom@ki.se.
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
|June 18, 2026
Summary
Maternal obesity and in vitro fertilization (IVF) conception increase omphalocele risk. Conversely, having multiple children (multiparity) is linked to a decreased risk of this congenital condition.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Congenital Anomalies
Background:
- Omphalocele is a rare congenital abdominal wall defect where abdominal organs protrude through the umbilical ring.
- The exact causes of omphalocele are not fully understood, particularly the influence of maternal factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between maternal risk factors and the development of omphalocele.
Main Methods:
- A population-based case-control study utilized Swedish national registry data from 1997-2016.
- Included 207 mothers of infants with omphalocele and 2070 matched controls.
- Conditional logistic regression analyzed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Main Results:
- Maternal obesity showed an increased risk (adjusted OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.14-2.88).
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) conception was associated with higher risk (adjusted OR 4.49, 95% CI 1.76-11.4).
- Multiparity demonstrated a decreased risk (adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25-0.77).
Conclusions:
- Maternal obesity and IVF conception are significant risk factors for omphalocele.
- Multiparity is associated with a reduced risk of omphalocele.
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