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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Tailoring the Cu Local Microenvironment to Create Formate Conversion-Desorption Equilibrium for Industrial Level

Peiyuan Mao1, Huizhu Cai2, Hongting Ma1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
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Copper electrocatalysts deactivate due to formate buildup, not oxidation. Engineering the electronic environment with silver (Ag) weakens formate adsorption, enabling stable, high-current formaldehyde oxidation catalysis.

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Copper-based electrocatalysts show high initial activity for formaldehyde oxidation but degrade rapidly at high current densities.
  • Instability is often attributed to copper oxidation, but the primary cause of performance decay is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the fundamental origin of performance decay in copper electrocatalysts for formaldehyde oxidation.
  • To develop a strategy for enhancing catalyst stability and activity through electronic microenvironment engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of silver-copper (AgCu) microsphere catalysts (AgCu-MSs/CF) with controlled silver loading (4.1 wt.%).
  • Electrochemical characterization including cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.
  • In situ spectroscopy (e.g., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Keywords:
copperelectrocatalysisformaldehyde electrooxidationmechanism investigationmicrosphere

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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  • Testing of a bipolar formaldehyde oxidation (FOR)||hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrolyzer.

    • Main Results:

    • Persistent accumulation of formate intermediates, not copper oxidation, was identified as the primary deactivation pathway.
    • The AgCu-MSs/CF catalyst achieved a current density of 1068 mA cm⁻² at 1.0 V versus RHE and stable operation up to 1.3 V versus RHE.
    • Ag incorporation induced electron transfer from Ag to Cu, downshifting the Cu d-band center and weakening formate adsorption.
    • The bipolar FOR||HER electrolyzer demonstrated stable operation for over 312 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • Engineering the dynamic equilibrium between intermediate formation and removal is a generalizable strategy to prevent poisoning in copper-based catalysts.
    • Optimizing the electronic microenvironment of copper electrocatalysts can overcome performance limitations in complex oxidation reactions.
    • The developed AgCu catalyst design offers a promising approach for efficient and stable formaldehyde oxidation catalysis.