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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

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Published on: March 30, 2017

Overlap locking and nonperturbative effects in spin glasses.

Silvio Franz1,2,3, Giorgio Parisi3,4, Federico Ricci-Tersenghi3,4

  • 1Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sez. Lecce, Lecce 73100, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers investigated order parameter locking in spin glasses at low temperatures. They found this synchronization effect depends on coupling strength, revealing nonperturbative phenomena in intermediate-coupling regimes.

Keywords:
Bolthausen-Sznitman coalescentbethe latticefragility of glassy statesmean field modelsreplica symmetry breaking

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Spin glasses exhibit complex behavior at low temperatures, including order parameter locking.
  • Coupling independent disordered systems leads to similar overlaps, a phenomenon requiring further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dependence of order parameter locking on coupling strength in spin glasses.
  • To explore nonperturbative phenomena in intermediate-coupling regimes.
  • To analyze the relationship between locking, finite-size corrections, and correlations.

Main Methods:

  • Mean-field theory applied analytically and numerically.
  • Analysis of finite-size free-energy corrections in mean-field spin-glass models.
  • Study of correlations in the Dyson hierarchical spin glass model.

Main Results:

  • Order parameter locking in coupled spin glasses shows dependence on coupling strength.
  • Nonperturbative phenomena emerge in the intermediate-coupling region ([Formula: see text]).
  • Critical exponents for finite-volume corrections and correlation decay were computed.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the mechanism of order parameter locking in spin glasses.
  • Findings link phenomena in mean-field and hierarchical models, offering insights into finite-dimensional systems.
  • The research provides critical exponents crucial for understanding spin glass dynamics.