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Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells
Published on: July 22, 2013
Multi-layered regulatory mechanisms and translational implications of mitochondrial redox imbalance in aging stem
Zi Ye1, Shanshan Chen2, Jiali Rui3
1Punan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200125, China.
Abstract:
Mitochondrial redox homeostasis is required for proper stem cell fate determination and tissue regeneration, and its dysregulation is a hallmark of aging-related stem cell dysfunction. This review systematically summarizes the multi-layered mechanisms by which aging-induced mitochondrial redox imbalance impairs stem cell identity, covering reactive oxygen species homeostasis, macromolecular metabolism, mitochondrial DNA integrity, mitochondrial dynamics, and the Sirtuin/forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling axis. We further highlight the context-specific metabolic features across different stem cell types and recent advances in targeted interventions to restore mitochondrial redox homeostasis, with a special focus on small molecule compounds with translational potential. This review further critically evaluates conflicting experimental evidence in current research, highlights major unresolved controversies and technical limitations in the field, providing a model that links mitochondrial redox status to epigenetic regulation for advancing both basic research and translational applications of mitochondrial redox-targeted interventions for stem cell aging.
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