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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
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Kin discrimination in plants: overview and implications for population and community ecology.

Akira Yamawo1

  • 1Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Plants can discriminate between self, kin, and non-kin competitors. This identity discrimination impacts plant growth, resource use, defense, and reproduction, influencing ecological dynamics and genetic diversity.

Keywords:
coexistencecompetitioncooperationgenetic diversityplant behaviourplant communityplant‐herbivore interactionspopulation geneticsspatial structurespecies diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Evolutionary Ecology
  • Plant Behavior

Background:

  • Recent discoveries highlight plant identity discrimination (self/kin recognition) among competitors.
  • This has spurred significant research in plant physiology and evolutionary ecology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on self and kin discrimination in plants.
  • To explore the ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant identity discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research.
  • Analysis of ecological and evolutionary impacts.

Main Results:

  • Identity discrimination influences plant growth, resource allocation, defense, and reproduction.
  • It can affect population dynamics, community structure, and multi-trophic interactions.
  • Discrimination may modulate competitive interactions, impacting genetic diversity and spatial structure.

Conclusions:

  • Plant identity discrimination has profound ecological and evolutionary consequences.
  • It plays a role in maintaining or eroding genetic diversity within populations.
  • Further research is needed on discrimination across competition and trophic gradients.