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Non-tobacco nicotine dependence is associated with increased complications following clavicle open reduction internal

Akin A Adio1, Rahul K Goyal2, Abby Skiena3

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. akin.adio@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
Clavicle fractureImplant removalNicotineNonunion

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