A Systematic Review of Modeling Platforms for Atrioventricular Valves in Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Cardiovascular Research
• Congenital Heart Disease Modeling

Background:

• Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) often require repeat surgical interventions.
• Accurate modeling of complex AVSD valve anatomy and repair is essential for improving patient outcomes.
• Current modeling platforms have limitations in addressing AVSD-specific valve pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review existing modeling platforms for studying abnormal congenital heart valves.
• To assess the applicability of these platforms for atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) valve investigation.
• To identify gaps and opportunities for developing advanced AVSD valve models.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of scientific sources.
• Screening of 1,050 sources, with 47 included studies.
• Categorization of models into in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches.

Main Results:

• In silico models show advancement but rarely target AVSD valves.
• In vitro platforms can compare repair techniques but are not yet used for AVSD.
• In vivo studies offer physiological accuracy but struggle to replicate AVSD pathologies.
• Few existing models are specifically designed or applied for AVSD valve research.

Conclusions:

• Existing modeling platforms require significant advancement for effective AVSD valve study.
• Multidisciplinary efforts are needed to create high-fidelity, reproducible, and physiologically accurate AVSD valve models.
• Improved AVSD valve models can enhance understanding of valve properties and surgical repair strategies.