Amplifying tumour antigen presentations from intratumourally entrapped dendritic cells

Antigen presentation within solid tumours presents a significant clinical challenge for systemic immune activation. Although radiotherapy or chemotherapy can generate tumour antigens by destroying tumour cells, the insufficient number and impaired function of dendritic cells within solid tumours compromises effective antigen presentation. Here we present plant-derived nanoparticles coated with nanohydroxyapatite that promote dendritic cell activation and amplify the production of dendritic-cell-derived antigen-presenting vesicles in vivo through the modulation of intracellular immune conversion and calcium signalling. The technology, termed the intratumoural generation of immunopresentation vesicles after tumour exposure, enabled a dramatic enhancement in antigen presentation within lymph nodes and, consequently, boosted systemic immune response, exhibiting superior antitumour efficacy in multiple solid tumour models when combined with radiotherapy. This strategy of amplifying immunoreactive nanovesicle production in vivo may serve as a promising immunopotentiating platform, advancing various cancer treatments.