Current status and challenges of TCR-T cell therapy for AML/MDS

Although novel drugs have recently been introduced in the clinic, the survival rates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are not yet satisfactory; thus, developing novel strategies with different modes of action is urgently needed. Immunotherapy against AML/MDS is less feasible than that for B-cell malignancies because commonly and uniformly expressed cell-surface targets are lacking, and HLA constraints further limit patient eligibility. Careful patient selection based on high and homogeneous target antigen expression in AML/MDS cells may serve as a biomarker. In this review, we first describe T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapy development processes, then review recent clinical trials and future perspectives.