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Porous bioactive glass-based scaffolds containing CRT glass and hydroxyapatite: morphological and structural analysis
Olga Kędzia1, Małgorzata Lubas1, Agata Dudek2
1Department of Materials Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 19, Czestochowa, 42-200, Poland.
Scientific Reports
|June 18, 2026
Summary
Researchers created porous bioactive glass scaffolds using recycled cathode ray tube (CRT) glass and hydroxyapatite (HAp). Optimal sintering conditions influenced pore size and porosity, crucial for bone regeneration applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Materials Engineering
- Glass Science
Background:
- Bioglass 45S5 is a well-known bioactive material for bone regeneration.
- Recycling cathode ray tube (CRT) glass offers a sustainable source for glass cullet.
- Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a key component in bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To fabricate porous bioactive glass scaffolds incorporating CRT glass cullet and varying HAp content.
- To investigate the influence of sintering parameters on scaffold morphology and structure.
- To establish process-structure relationships for these novel composite scaffolds.
Main Methods:
- Foaming method using water glass as a pore-forming agent.
- One-step and two-step sintering processes at 900-950 °C.
- Quantitative image analysis, SEM, FTIR, and XRD for material characterization.
Main Results:
- Median pore diameters ranged from 317-640 μm.
- Highest surface porosity (~59%) achieved at 950 °C with lowest HAp content.
- Increasing HAp content reduced pore size and porosity, especially at higher temperatures.
- Developed pore network and amorphous-crystalline structure with bioactive phases.
Conclusions:
- Successfully fabricated porous bioactive glass scaffolds with CRT glass and HAp.
- Demonstrated control over pore architecture and porosity via sintering and composition.
- Established foundational process-structure relationships for future mechanical and biological evaluations.
