Ultrasonic Manifestations of Prostate Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Adult prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma (PRMS) is an extremely rare malignancy. Due to its low incidence and nonspecific early manifestations, it is often misdiagnosed as benign prostatic disorders, delaying diagnosis and treatment and adversely affecting prognosis. To improve clinicians' awareness, clarify its imaging features, optimize early and differential diagnosis, and minimize misdiagnosis, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical, ultrasonographic, and MRI data of one adult PRMS patient admitted to our hospital in September 2023, and discussed key diagnostic points with relevant literature. Ultrasound revealed malignant features (heterogeneous hypoechoic mass, abundant blood flow, contrast "wash-in and wash-out"); MRI showed mixed signals with DWI hyperintensity. Due to overlapping ultrasonic manifestations of PRMS with prostate cancer, sarcomatoid carcinoma and other diseases and lack of specificity, comprehensive evaluation with clinical history, multi-modal imaging (e.g., MRI for accurate assessment of capsule penetration, tissue infiltration and distant metastasis) and pathological biopsy is required to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical staging precision.