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Eco-evolutionary context modifies a destructive plant invader's response to climate.

Megan L Vahsen1,2, Justin J Van Ee3, Diana Gamba4,5

  • 1Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.

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|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting plant responses to climate change requires understanding climate-fitness links. Eco-evolutionary factors like genotype-by-environment interactions and density dependence significantly impact cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) fitness.

Keywords:
Bromus tectorumclimate changedensity dependencegenotype‐by‐environment interactionsinvasive specieslocal adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Predicting plant population dynamics under climate change necessitates understanding climate-fitness relationships.
  • The invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is a model system for studying plant adaptation and ecological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how eco-evolutionary context mediates the relationship between climate and fitness in Bromus tectorum.
  • To assess the role of local adaptation to climate in explaining fitness variation.
  • To determine the influence of microclimate, planting density, and genotype-by-environment interactions on cheatgrass fitness.

Main Methods:

  • A replicated common garden experiment was conducted over two years at four sites.
  • 96 genotypes of Bromus tectorum were grown under manipulated soil microclimate conditions (varying surface albedo) and planting densities.
  • Climate mismatch was calculated to assess local adaptation, and statistical models were used to predict fitness.

Main Results:

  • Genotype-by-environment interactions improved the predictive accuracy of the fitness model, with strong evidence for local adaptation to source climate.
  • Survival responses to soil microclimate were density-dependent.
  • Local adaptation was more evident at lower planting densities compared to higher densities.
  • The model generally predicts increased fitness with rising temperatures across source populations.

Conclusions:

  • Eco-evolutionary context, including genotype-by-environment interactions and density dependence, is crucial for predicting plant fitness in changing environments.
  • Understanding local adaptation is key to predicting how plant populations, like invasive cheatgrass, will respond to climate change.