Advances in biomimetic mineralized biomaterials for bone tissue engineering

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Biomineralization

Background:

• Bone biomineralization is a complex process involving cells, signaling molecules, and organic matrix.
• Biomimetic mineralized biomaterials (BMBs) are inspired by bone's composition, architecture, and formation for bone tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental mechanisms of bone biomineralization as a basis for biomimicry.
• To summarize recent advances in BMBs for bone tissue engineering.
• To discuss the role of BMBs in modulating the regenerative microenvironment.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on bone biomineralization mechanisms.
• Analysis of material systems and fabrication strategies for BMBs.
• Discussion of BMBs' impact on osteogenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and neuroregeneration.

Main Results:

• BMBs offer precise control over mineral components and architecture.
• BMBs can regulate key aspects of the regenerative microenvironment, including cell differentiation and immune response.
• Significant progress has been made in emulating bone's composition and architecture.

Conclusions:

• BMBs represent a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering by mimicking natural bone.
• Challenges persist in achieving exact structural mimicry and dynamic biomineralization processes.
• Overcoming these challenges will facilitate clinical translation of BMBs for enhanced bone regeneration.