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Sampling Plans

Sampling Plans

Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

Controlled-Release Experiment to Optimize Emission Quantification of H₂ Point Sources.

Iris M Westra¹, Hubertus A Scheeren¹, Mareen J Penninga¹

¹Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.

ACS ES&T Air

|June 19, 2026

Summary

Hydrogen emissions from the energy transition can impact climate by increasing methane's lifetime. This study developed a new method to accurately measure these fugitive hydrogen emissions, crucial for climate change mitigation.

Keywords:

UAV active AirCore detection method electrolyzer hydrogen emissions hydrogen value chain

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

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Published on: June 12, 2016

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

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Published on: May 22, 2020

Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx

Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NO_x

Published on: December 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Atmospheric Chemistry
Climate Science
Environmental Monitoring

Background:

The global energy transition is projected to increase atmospheric hydrogen (H₂) concentrations.
Fugitive H₂ emissions act as an indirect greenhouse gas, impacting methane and ozone levels.
Previous measurement techniques lacked the sensitivity to detect climate-relevant H₂ emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

To optimize a sampling and emission estimation method for fugitive hydrogen.
To investigate the impact of sampling conditions on emission quantification accuracy.
To demonstrate a versatile and accessible method for measuring hydrogen emissions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a multiplatform active AirCore sampler with a high-resolution Gas Chromatography-Photoionization Detector (GC-PDHID) system.
Conducted controlled hydrogen release experiments using an 8 kW electrolyzer.
Analyzed 14 downwind profiles from UAV and ground-based sampling to derive emission rates.

Main Results:

Achieved simultaneous measurement of H₂ (±2 ppb), CH₄ (±0.5 ppb), and CO₂ (±0.3 ppm).
Derived a weighted mean hydrogen emission rate of 0.94 ± 0.06 m³ h^-1.
Confirmed that established methane measurement strategies are transferable to hydrogen point sources.

Conclusions:

The developed method accurately quantifies hydrogen emissions under various sampling conditions.
This research provides a crucial tool for monitoring and mitigating climate impacts from hydrogen.
The findings support the safe and sustainable scale-up of hydrogen energy.