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A modified coupled partial differential equation method for synthetic aperture sonar interferogram denoising.

Pan Huang1, Yan Fan2, Meng Wang1

  • 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China.

Iscience
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a modified coupled partial differential equation (MCPDE) method to improve interferometric synthetic aperture sonar (InSAS) phase noise suppression. The new approach enhances underwater image processing by preserving details during denoising.

Keywords:
earth sciencesengineeringoceanographysurface sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography and Marine Technology
  • Signal Processing and Image Analysis

Background:

  • Interferometric synthetic aperture sonar (InSAS) is a high-resolution 3D imaging technology crucial for underwater exploration.
  • Effective interferogram noise removal is essential for accurate InSAS image processing.
  • Traditional coupled partial differential equation (CPDE) methods for denoising have limitations, including slow convergence due to static edge functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of traditional CPDE methods in InSAS image processing.
  • To propose a novel modified coupled partial differential equation (MCPDE) method for enhanced phase noise suppression in InSAS data.
  • To improve the efficiency and detail preservation of InSAS image denoising.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a modified coupled partial differential equation (MCPDE) model.
  • Introduction of a time-varying function to dynamically control diffusion strength in edge regions.
  • Implementation of iterative filtering with decreasing intensity to preserve image details.

Main Results:

  • The MCPDE method effectively suppresses phase noise in InSAS interferograms.
  • The time-varying diffusion control prevents the loss of fine details during the denoising process.
  • Numerical simulations and real InSAS data experiments confirm the model's superior performance compared to traditional methods.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed MCPDE method offers a significant advancement in InSAS phase noise suppression.
  • This technique improves the quality and reliability of underwater 3D imaging.
  • The method provides a more efficient and detail-preserving solution for InSAS image processing challenges.