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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Phenotypic Profiling of Human Stem Cell-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
09:21

Phenotypic Profiling of Human Stem Cell-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Published on: July 7, 2023

Machine Learning Based County Level Phenotypes Related to Diabetes Prevalence.

Md Fitrat Hossain1, Fadia T Shaya1

  • 1University of Maryland School of Pharmacy.

AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science Proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes prevalence is rising in the US, linked to social determinants of health (SDoH). This study identified high food insecurity and poverty as key factors associated with increased diabetes rates, informing targeted interventions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Phenotypic Profiling of Human Stem Cell-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
09:21

Phenotypic Profiling of Human Stem Cell-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Published on: July 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Rising diabetes prevalence in the US necessitates understanding contributing factors.
  • Limited research has explored the association between social determinants of health (SDoH) and diabetes rates.
  • County-level SDoH data can reveal geographic patterns in diabetes prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop county-level phenotypes based on SDoH associated with diabetes prevalence.
  • To identify specific SDoH that are significant risk factors for higher diabetes rates.
  • To inform tailored, region-based interventions for diabetes prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized machine learning algorithms, including Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models, to define SDoH-based phenotypes.
  • Employed Random Forest analysis to identify additional risk factors for diabetes prevalence.
  • Categorized US counties into five distinct groups based on identified SDoH phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • The CART model identified five distinct county phenotypes related to diabetes prevalence.
  • Counties characterized by high food insecurity (over 16%) and high poverty (over 24%) exhibited elevated mean diabetes prevalence rates (17.64%, SD 2.42).
  • Identified specific SDoH combinations linked to increased diabetes risk.

Conclusions:

  • SDoH, particularly food insecurity and poverty, are significantly associated with higher diabetes prevalence at the county level.
  • The developed phenotypes provide a framework for understanding geographic variations in diabetes.
  • Findings support the development of targeted, region-specific public health and policy interventions to mitigate diabetes prevalence and improve health outcomes.