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Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Induction of Periodontitis via a Combination of Ligature and Lipopolysaccharide Injection in a Rat Model

Induction of Periodontitis via a Combination of Ligature and Lipopolysaccharide Injection in a Rat Model

Published on: February 17, 2023

ChartOCR: A Longitudinal OCR System Using a Unified Periodontal Assessment Form.

Yunseo Moon^1,2, Minh Do Ngoc Luong^1,2, Seungjun Chong^1,2

¹College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science Proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science

|June 19, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

ChartOCR digitizes paper-based periodontal and plaque index (PI) charts, improving data reuse for clinical analysis. This system achieves high accuracy, enabling efficient data capture for periodontal informatics research.

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Published on: July 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Informatics
Dental Informatics
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

Background:

Periodontal disease generates extensive clinical data.
Current periodontal and plaque index (PI) charts are primarily paper-based, hindering data analysis and clinical decision support.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate ChartOCR, a system for digitizing handwritten periodontal and PI charts.
To enable efficient data extraction and analysis for periodontal informatics.

Main Methods:

Utilized template-based alignment and coordinate-based region-of-interest extraction.
Employed a fine-tuned TrOCR model for accurate text recognition.
Integrated SHA-256 for data integrity and provided an interactive user interface with real-time results and correction capabilities.

Main Results:

Achieved high accuracy for periodontal charts (0.987 mean accuracy and mAP) and PI charts (0.942 accuracy, 0.884 mAP).
Demonstrated efficient processing with an average time of 70 seconds per chart on a MacBook Pro (M3 Pro).
Identified lower precision for higher plaque scores but overall robust performance for most digits.

Conclusions:

ChartOCR offers an accurate and efficient solution for digitizing handwritten dental charts.
The system provides a scalable foundation for advancing periodontal informatics research.
Facilitates improved data accessibility and utilization in periodontology.