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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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Bank-speed alignment: a conceptual framework for understanding indoor track performance.

¹Movement Science Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, United States.

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living

|June 19, 2026

Summary

Track geometry significantly impacts indoor running performance by affecting how athletes maintain speed on curves. Optimal bank angles vary by event, suggesting current track designs may not suit all distances equally.

Keywords:

bank angle competitive fairness curve running biomechanics indoor track performance pacing technology running economy running velocity track geometry

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Biomechanics
Athletic Performance

Background:

Indoor track performance is influenced by athlete, technology, and environment.
Existing frameworks often overlook track geometry's role in performance.
Turn radius and bank angle may affect running velocity on curves.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a framework for understanding track geometry's interaction with running velocity.
To analyze the mechanical demands of indoor track performance.
To integrate track geometry into existing performance models.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis drawing on biomechanical principles.
Introduction of 'bank-speed alignment' concept.
Synthesis of existing mechanical relationships.

Main Results:

Bank angle is velocity-dependent and cannot suit all running events uniformly.
Contemporary indoor tracks (10°-12° bank angles) may not align with all event velocity demands.
Variability in track design may lead to different mechanical demands across events.

Conclusions:

Track geometry is a crucial, under-integrated factor in indoor track performance.
Bank-speed alignment offers a new perspective on performance variability.
Future research should consider track geometry's systemic role in athletic events.