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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Attraction VI: Personality Traits01:23

Factors Influencing Attraction VI: Personality Traits

Personality traits are fundamental in shaping social perception and influencing interpersonal relationships. Certain traits, such as agreeableness and extraversion, contribute positively to social interactions, whereas others, such as narcissism, have complex and often contradictory effects on how individuals are perceived over time.The Role of Agreeableness and ExtraversionAgreeableness and extraversion are associated with higher levels of interpersonal attractiveness and likability.
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
Traits, Mood, and Subjective Wellbeing01:22

Traits, Mood, and Subjective Wellbeing

Subjective well-being (SWB) refers to an individual's self-evaluation of their overall life satisfaction, happiness, and fulfillment. This multifaceted construct is typically assessed by analyzing the balance of positive and negative emotions alongside perceptions of life satisfaction. Personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion are strongly associated with variations in SWB, offering critical insights into the underlying mechanisms of emotional well-being.
Neuroticism and Emotional...
Five-Factor Theory of Personality01:29

Five-Factor Theory of Personality

The five-factor model, often called the Big Five personality traits, is widely accepted in psychology as a comprehensive framework for understanding personality. These five traits — Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism — are often remembered using the acronym OCEAN.
Openness reflects creativity, curiosity, and openness to new experiences. Individuals scoring high in openness are imaginative, have a wide range of interests, and are independent thinkers. Low...
Cattell's 16 Personality Factors01:24

Cattell's 16 Personality Factors

Raymond Cattell's trait theory offers a structured framework for understanding personality by distinguishing between two critical traits: surface and source traits. Surface traits are observable patterns of behavior, such as indecisiveness, anxiety, and irrational fears. These traits are less stable, varying across situations and over time. This means that they are less helpful in understanding the deeper aspects of an individual's personality.
In contrast, source traits are the fundamental,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos
06:45

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Published on: May 29, 2020

Identifying Robust Longitudinal Transactions Between Loneliness and the Big Five Personality Traits.

Lukas Schellenberg1, Wiebke Bleidorn1, Peter Haehner1

  • 1University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Personality
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Personality traits and loneliness have a reciprocal relationship. Higher levels of extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability predict less loneliness over time, and loneliness predicts lower levels of these traits.

Keywords:
Big Fivecross‐lagged effectslonelinesslongitudinalpersonality traits

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Science

Background:

  • Loneliness is a significant issue with theoretical and practical implications.
  • Personality traits and loneliness are hypothesized to influence each other reciprocally over time.
  • Longitudinal research on personality-loneliness transactions is limited, with inconsistent findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal, reciprocal transactions between loneliness and the Big Five personality traits.
  • To address the scarcity of research on personality-loneliness dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from three large-scale panel studies (N=63,502).
  • Utilized random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to examine personality-loneliness transactions.
  • Employed meta-analytic aggregation to synthesize findings across datasets.

Main Results:

  • Higher extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability prospectively predicted lower loneliness over 4 years.
  • Higher loneliness prospectively predicted lower extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability over 4 years.
  • While generally small, meta-analytic cross-lagged effects showed substantial variation across individual datasets.

Conclusions:

  • The Big Five personality traits and loneliness exhibit a dynamic, reciprocal relationship.
  • Personality traits influence loneliness, and loneliness, in turn, affects personality traits.
  • Findings suggest that interventions targeting personality traits could impact loneliness, and vice-versa.