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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

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Orthodontists' Perception Thresholds for Tooth Movement Detection in 3D Digitally Simulated Models: A Cross-Sectional

Camila Zager Tinoco Viana1, Luísa Schubach da Costa Barreto1, Dafne Zalctregier Bank1

  • 1Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry (PRECOM), School of Dentistry; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry : Official Publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [Et Al.]
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Orthodontists can detect 5° of tooth rotation or tip, but need 6° for buccolingual inclination (torque). These findings help achieve optimal esthetic outcomes in dental treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Aesthetics

Background:

  • Accurate tooth positioning is crucial for optimal esthetic and functional outcomes in orthodontics.
  • Quantifying the human eye's ability to perceive minor tooth misalignments is essential for setting treatment goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the minimum perceptible degrees of rotation, buccolingual inclination (torque), and mesiodistal angulation (tip) of anterior teeth.

Main Methods:

  • Digital dental models were manipulated to simulate controlled angular movements (rotation, tip, torque) of anterior teeth.
  • Orthodontists evaluated paired images to identify perceived discrepancies in tooth position.

Main Results:

  • High perceptual sensitivity was observed for all movements.
Keywords:
Orthodonticscomputer‐assisteddentaldigital technologyestheticsimage processingthree‐dimensional imagingtooth movement

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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  • Rotational and tip discrepancies of 5° were consistently detected.
  • Buccolingual inclination (torque) detection was lower at 3°, improving significantly at higher degrees.
  • Conclusions:

    • Quantitative perceptual thresholds for angular deviations in anterior teeth were established.
    • Maxillary central incisors showed the highest detection rates.
    • Findings are relevant for achieving optimal esthetic outcomes in orthodontic treatment.