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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

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Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
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Published on: April 3, 2014

Nucleoside 3'-Phosphorofluoridates for P(V)-Based Oligonucleotide Synthesis.

Nana Mihara1, Syuya Inoue1, Kazuho Okunishi1

  • 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new oxidation-free method for synthesizing oligonucleotides (ONs) using phosphorofluoridate chemistry. This P(V)-based approach offers a simpler, more efficient alternative to the current industry standard for nucleic acid therapeutics.

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Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Oligonucleotides (ONs) are crucial for life sciences and therapeutics.
  • Current phosphoramidite chemistry for ON synthesis involves complex oxidation steps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an oxidation-free method for oligonucleotide synthesis.
  • To explore the use of nucleoside 3'-phosphorofluoridates [P(V)-F] as building blocks.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel P(V)-based phosphorofluoridate chemistry.
  • Utilized silicon-based activators for nucleotide coupling.
  • Performed automated solid-phase synthesis of a 20-mer oligonucleotide.

Main Results:

  • Achieved more efficient nucleotide coupling compared to P(III)-based methods.
  • Demonstrated the synthesis of a 20-mer ON using standard DNA/RNA synthesizers.
  • Established phosphorofluoridate chemistry as an oxidation-free ON synthesis strategy.

Conclusions:

  • P(V)-based phosphorofluoridate chemistry provides an efficient, oxidation-free route for oligonucleotide synthesis.
  • This method complements existing phosphoramidite chemistry.
  • Enables simpler and potentially more cost-effective production of nucleic acid therapeutics.