Synchronous Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Wilms Tumor: Report of a Case and Review of Previous Cases

Multiple primary cancers are rare in pediatric patients and are mostly metachronous. Synchronous primary malignancies are exceedingly rare and pose significant challenges.

This case report and review of previous cases focus on synchronous acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Wilms tumor (WT). A systematic literature search identified 3 previous cases, confirming synchronous ALL and WT as a rare occurrence.

Simultaneous primary cancers are rare and pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Synchronous cancer warrants comprehensive genetic testing, although a genetic predisposition may not be identified. Reporting treatment strategies and outcomes adds to the knowledge regarding these rare cases.