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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

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Emphysematous cystitis: imaging patterns and diagnostic approach on CT.

Hajra Arshad1, Satomi Kawamoto2, Elliot K Fishman2

  • 1The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. harshad1@jh.edu.

Emergency Radiology
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Emphysematous cystitis, a urinary tract infection with gas in the bladder wall, is increasingly seen on CT scans. Recognizing CT patterns aids diagnosis and management of this rare condition.

Keywords:
Bladder gasComputed tomography (CT)Emphysematous cystitisIntramural bladder gas Complicated urinary tract infectionUrinary tract infection

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Emphysematous cystitis is a rare, complicated urinary tract infection.
  • Gas within the bladder wall characterizes this condition.
  • Delayed management can lead to severe complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review CT imaging patterns and clinical features of emphysematous cystitis.
  • To illustrate common presentations and risk factors.
  • To guide radiologists in diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 20 emphysematous cystitis cases.
  • Analysis of CT imaging patterns and clinical data.
  • Categorization of gas distribution patterns.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct CT patterns identified: focal collections (40%), cobblestone/beaded necklace (30%), and circumferential dissection (30%).
  • Diabetes is the most common predisposing factor.
  • Clinical presentation varies from incidental findings to acute symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • CT imaging is crucial for diagnosing emphysematous cystitis.
  • Understanding CT patterns and risk factors improves patient care.
  • Antibiotic therapy is the primary treatment; surgery is reserved for severe cases.