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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

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Published on: August 15, 2019

OrthoGuide: A Database for Rooting Inference of Orthologous Genes.

João V F Cavalcante1, Gleison M de Azevedo1, Danilo O Imparato1

  • 1Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, UFRN, R. do Horto - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59076-550, Brazil.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orthology analysis helps understand gene evolution by tracing ancestry across species. OrthoGuide is a new tool simplifying evolutionary history exploration for researchers without computational expertise.

Keywords:
databaseevolutionary rootingorthologysystems evolutionweb application

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

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07:09

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Published on: December 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Orthology analysis is crucial for understanding gene evolutionary history and pathway assembly.
  • Large-scale orthology studies often require specialized computational tools and expertise, limiting accessibility.
  • Existing methods present barriers for researchers without advanced computational skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce OrthoGuide, a database and web application for precomputed evolutionary rooting information.
  • To enable researchers to explore evolutionary origins of gene sets easily and intuitively.
  • To democratize access to orthology-based evolutionary analyses for system-level investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a database with precomputed evolutionary rooting information for orthologous groups.
  • Created a web application with an intuitive interface for querying gene sets.
  • Integrated interactive visualizations for interpreting evolutionary patterns.

Main Results:

  • OrthoGuide provides precomputed evolutionary rooting for orthologous groups across 360 eukaryotic species.
  • The platform allows rapid exploration of gene evolutionary origins without local computational workflows.
  • Interactive visualizations aid in identifying key evolutionary events.

Conclusions:

  • OrthoGuide removes technical barriers, enabling researchers to translate gene lists into hypotheses.
  • The resource supports system-level evolutionary process investigations across diverse organisms.
  • OrthoGuide democratizes access to large-scale evolutionary inferences and orthology analyses.