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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

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Related Experiment Videos

Genetic association between renal function and hearing loss: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Jun Wang1, Xingxing Chen2, Linglin Zhou3

  • 1Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanchang, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Jiangxi Branch Center, Jiangxi, China.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) may increase hearing loss risk, according to genetic evidence. This study found no causal link between hearing loss and kidney function, suggesting UACR as a potential risk factor.

Keywords:
CausalityHearing lossMendelian randomizationRenal functionRisk

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Nephrology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between kidney dysfunction and hearing loss.
  • The causal relationship between kidney function and hearing loss remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between renal function biomarkers and hearing loss using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic variants for creatinine-based eGFR (eGFR-crea), cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFR-cys), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and serum urate from CKDGen.
  • Employed summary-level data for hearing loss from UK Biobank GWAS.
  • Applied the Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW) method for primary analysis.

Main Results:

  • Genetically predicted UACR showed a significant association with increased hearing loss risk (IVW: OR = 1.038, p = 0.036).
  • No significant causal effects were found for eGFR-crea, eGFR-cys, or urate on hearing loss.
  • Reverse MR analyses indicated no causal effect of hearing loss on renal function.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated UACR is identified as a potential risk factor for hearing loss.
  • The study does not support a causal role of hearing loss in kidney dysfunction.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering renal health in hearing loss etiology.