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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Related Experiment Video

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Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation at 40 Hz Improves Social Functioning in Children With Autism Spectrum

Bingqian Gao1, Lijing Lin1, Robert C Smith2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, and China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139# Renmin Middle RD, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.

Biological Psychiatry
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that 40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) targeting the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) rapidly improved social functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The intervention was well-tolerated and showed sustained benefits.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderEye trackingGamma oscillationsRight temporoparietal junctionTheory of mindTranscranial alternating current stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychiatry

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents significant challenges in social interaction, with limited rapid intervention options.
  • The right temporoparietal junction (rTPT) is crucial for social cognition, and its gamma-band abnormalities are linked to ASD.
  • rTPJ presents a potential target for neuromodulation interventions in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of 40 Hz high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) targeting the rTPJ in children with ASD.
  • To assess the impact of rTPJ tACS on core social difficulties and overall symptom severity in ASD.
  • To evaluate the safety and tolerability of this neuromodulation approach.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial involving 47 children with ASD.
  • Participants received 21 sessions of 40 Hz tACS or sham stimulation targeting the rTPJ over seven days.
  • Assessments included the Ohio State University Autism Rating Scale-DSM-5 (OARS-5), Aberrant Behavior Checklist-2 (ABC-2), Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2), and Short Sensory Profile (SSP), with eye-tracking for Theory of Mind (ToM) measures.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in OARS-5 total scores were observed in the active tACS group at 1-week and 4-week follow-ups.
  • Secondary outcomes showed improvements in behavioral and sensory domains.
  • Exploratory eye-tracking data indicated a significant group-by-time interaction during ToM animations, suggesting enhanced social cognitive processing.

Conclusions:

  • 40 Hz tACS targeting the rTPJ demonstrates potential for rapid improvement in ASD symptom severity, particularly social functioning.
  • The intervention appears to be well-tolerated in children with ASD.
  • Further research is needed to establish the clinical significance and long-term effects of rTPJ tACS for ASD.