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Nrf2 in obesity: Mechanisms, models, and bioactive modulators.
Irina N Shalova1, Alessandro Medoro2, Sergio Davinelli2
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 5 Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome 00185, Italy.
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice
|June 19, 2026
Summary
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a complex role in obesity by influencing inflammation and metabolism. Modulating Nrf2 shows therapeutic potential for obesity, but requires further research for safe and effective strategies.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Metabolic disease research
- Cellular biology
Background:
- Obesity is a chronic disease linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction.
- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of cellular defense mechanisms.
- Nrf2 signaling is increasingly recognized for its role in metabolic processes relevant to obesity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanistic roles of Nrf2 in obesity.
- To discuss the dual effects of Nrf2 modulation in obesity.
- To summarize bioactive compounds targeting Nrf2 for anti-obesity effects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genetic and pharmacological models.
- Analysis of Nrf2's involvement in inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism.
- Summary of preclinical and clinical findings on Nrf2 modulators.
Main Results:
- Nrf2 influences adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation in obesity.
- Nrf2 modulation can have both protective and detrimental effects on obesity-related pathways.
- Several bioactive compounds activate Nrf2 and show anti-obesity potential, with some in clinical trials.
Conclusions:
- Nrf2 signaling is a complex target for obesity intervention.
- Bioactive compounds targeting Nrf2 offer promising therapeutic avenues.
- Further mechanistic and clinical studies are needed to establish safe and effective Nrf2-based obesity treatments.
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