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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
Published on: July 24, 2016
Compound hydrogeomorphic cascades and rapid upstream to downstream hazard coupling in the Eastern Himalaya
Kuldeep Dutta1, Rupankar Rajkhowa2, Mari Riba2
1Centre for Earth Sciences and Himalayan Studies (An Autonomous Organization under the, Department of Science and Technology), Government of Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar, 791111, Arunachal Pradesh, India. kuldeepdutta1994@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Extreme precipitation in the Eastern Himalaya is increasingly associated with coupled hillslope-floodplain hazards. This study examines the 17th-18th September 2020 rainfall event in Arunachal Pradesh initiating landslides and its downstream impacts in Assam, India, using multi-sensor satellite data and long-term rainfall records. Sentinel-2 imagery was used to map landslides and debris flows, Sentinel-1 SAR data to delineate flood extent, and IMD gridded rainfall (1996-2020) to analyse rainfall spell characteristics. The event triggered widespread slope failures, localized landslide damming, and a subsequent breach, generating sediment-laden flows that inundated ~ 100 km2 of the Dhemaji floodplain. A backscatter-derived Relative Flood Volume Index (RFVI) indicates spatial variability in inundation intensity, although it does not represent absolute flood volume. Rainfall analysis suggests that antecedent wetness from preceding spells preconditioned slopes, while peak daily rainfall (> 170 mm day-1) initiated landsliding. Power-law scaling shows negligible dependence of intensity on duration (R2 ≈ 0.0004), whereas cumulative rainfall exhibits a stronger relationship with duration (R2 ≈ 0.54). These results indicate distinct roles of rainfall intensity and accumulation in controlling landslide initiation and downstream flooding, respectively, highlighting the importance of compound rainfall forcing in rapid hydrogeomorphic cascades.
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