Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026
12:09
Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
Published on: March 19, 2014
Extending the tendency involvement experience model in street food experience.
Yusuf Bayraktar1, Zühal Aksakallı Bayraktar2
1Faculty of Tourism, Department of Tourism Management, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye, Turkey. yusuf.bayraktar@atauni.edu.tr.
Scientific Reports
|June 19, 2026
Summary
Tourists' street food experiences are driven by attitudes and social norms, not perceived control. Food involvement significantly mediates the link between intention and the overall street food experience.
Area of Science:
- Tourism Management
- Consumer Behavior
- Behavioral Economics
Background:
- Street food is a key cultural and economic element in tourism.
- The link between tourists' intention to consume street food and their actual experience is not well understood.
- Existing models like the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) need refinement for experiential contexts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To extend the Tendency-Involvement-Experience (TIE) model by integrating it with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).
- To explain the factors influencing tourists' street food consumption intention and subsequent experiential outcomes.
- To propose an Extended Tendency-Involvement-Experience Model for understanding experiential consumption.
Main Methods:
- Data collected from 310 tourists in Türkiye via a structured questionnaire.
- Analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
- Integration of TPB constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) with the TIE model.
Main Results:
- Attitudes and subjective norms positively influenced street food consumption intention.
- Perceived behavioral control did not significantly affect intention.
- Intention positively predicted food involvement and food experience.
- Food involvement acted as a significant mediator between intention and experience.
Conclusions:
- Experiential outcomes in street food consumption are mainly influenced by attitudinal and normative factors.
- The study validates an indirect pathway from intention to experience through involvement.
- The findings refine the application of TPB in experiential consumption and propose a new theoretical model.
Related Concept Videos
00:52Social Proof
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
02:16Stereotype Content Model
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
01:22Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity
Proximity plays a fundamental role in shaping interpersonal attraction by increasing opportunities for interaction and fostering familiarity. Research consistently demonstrates that individuals are more likely to form social bonds with those who are physically closer to them, whether in residential settings, workplaces, or educational institutions. This effect is largely driven by the increased frequency of encounters, which facilitates the development of friendships and romantic...
01:18Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation
Incentive theory, or the "pull theory" of motivation, suggests that external rewards primarily drive behavior. Individuals are motivated to engage in activities when they anticipate a desirable outcome. This is why people often work hard for promotions or study intensively to achieve high grades. These incentives can be tangible, physical rewards such as money or promotions, or intangible, non-physical rewards like praise and social recognition.
The theory differentiates between intrinsic and...
The theory differentiates between intrinsic and...
03:26Framing Effects
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
01:52Persuasion Strategies
Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).