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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Catalysis

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Hydrogen generation promoted by single-atom-based thermochemical catalysts.

Srinivas Gadipelli^1,2, Jian Guo³, Juntao Li⁴

¹College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. s.gadipelli@ucl.ac.uk.

Nature Reviews. Chemistry

|June 19, 2026

Summary

Single-atom catalysts significantly advance hydrogen (H₂) production technologies. This review details their role in clean energy generation, covering mechanisms, efficiency, and economic viability for a sustainable future.

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Area of Science:

Catalysis
Materials Science
Sustainable Energy

Background:

Clean and affordable energy is a critical global challenge.
Hydrogen (H₂) offers a pathway to low-carbon and net-zero emissions futures.
Efficient and economical H₂ production from stable sources remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in hydrogen generation technologies using single-atom catalysts.
To explore various catalytic routes for efficient H₂ production.
To discuss the potential and challenges of single-atom catalysts in H₂ generation.

Main Methods:

Review of established and advanced reforming, partial-oxidation, and direct dehydrogenation reactions.
Analysis of catalytic mechanisms at the atomic level.
Evaluation of catalyst performance, including H₂ capacity and structure-activity relationships.

Main Results:

Single-atom catalysts show significant improvements in H₂ production efficiency.
Detailed insights into reaction mechanisms and structure-activity relationships are provided.
High-performing catalyst materials for various H₂ generation processes are identified.

Conclusions:

Single-atom catalysts are pivotal for efficient and sustainable hydrogen production.
The review covers techno-economics, environmental impact, and scalability factors.
Future perspectives include low-carbon production, CO₂ capture, and H₂ purification.