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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System
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In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

Published on: January 15, 2015

Air-Cladding Blue Laser Diodes.

Marta Sawicka1, Mateusz Hajdel1, Oliwia Gołyga1

  • 1Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, Warsaw 01-142, Poland.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
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ACS photonics·2025

Researchers developed new laser diodes (LDs) with dual air-claddings for improved optical confinement. This novel architecture utilizes a tunnel junction and electrochemical etching, enabling efficient light emission and substrate reuse for advanced photonic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Semiconductor Devices
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Low refractive index contrast in long-wavelength nitride laser diodes (LDs) hinders optical confinement.
  • Novel architectural strategies are needed to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first electrically driven edge-emitting LDs with top and bottom air-claddings.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of a tunnel junction and lateral electrochemical etching (ECE) for enhanced device performance and fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of edge-emitting LDs with a top air-cladding enabled by a tunnel junction for lateral current flow.
  • Post-epitaxial bottom air-cladding creation via lateral electrochemical etching (ECE) of a sacrificial InGaN:Ge layer.
  • Characterization using synchrotron-based scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy to analyze membrane properties.
Keywords:
electrochemical etchinglaser diodesmembrane devicesnitridesscanning X-ray diffraction microscopy

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System
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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics
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Published on: April 24, 2014

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Main Results:

  • Dual air-cladding LDs operated at 456 nm with a slope efficiency of 0.4 W/A in pulse mode.
  • Achieved very high backside smoothness of laser membranes due to abrupt doping profiles and selective ECE.
  • Observed slight elastic relaxation and minor bending in laser membranes.

Conclusions:

  • The dual air-cladding architecture enhances optical confinement, particularly beneficial for longer wavelength LDs.
  • ECE proves to be an effective method for device liftoff, enabling GaN substrate reuse and integration into photonic platforms.
  • This approach facilitates the development of advanced photonic devices for various applications, including therapeutics.