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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

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Two- and Three-Dimensional Live Cell Imaging of DNA Damage Response Proteins
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Published on: September 28, 2012

A morphology-driven proof-of-concept study linking interphase nuclear abnormalities to dicentric-mediated genomic

Radu Chiriac, Auriane Salotti, Béatrice Grange

    Annales De Biologie Clinique
    |June 20, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cytological abnormalities like nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) and nuclear buds (NBUD) in B-cell malignancies may indicate genomic instability. A new Cytological Instability Score (CIS) shows promise for assessing this instability in routine blood smears.

    Keywords:
    B-cell lymphomachromosomal instabilitychronic lymphocytic leukemiacytogenetic analysisnuclear morphologysplenic marginal zone lymphoma

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    Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH
    07:54

    Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

    Published on: August 19, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Cytogenetics
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Genomic instability drives heterogeneity and treatment resistance in B-cell malignancies.
    • Complex karyotypes and TP53 pathway disruption are poor prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
    • Dicentric chromosomes and structural genomic instability are key features in certain B-cell lymphomas.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if interphase nuclear abnormalities (nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds) on routine blood smears can serve as cytological surrogates for dicentric chromosomes and structural genomic instability.
    • To develop and validate a Cytological Instability Score (CIS) for assessing genomic instability in B-cell malignancies.
    • To explore the correlation between cytological findings and cytogenetic measures of genomic instability.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 29 patients with indolent B-cell malignancies (CLL and splenic marginal zone lymphoma) enriched for dicentric chromosomes.
    • Development of a semi-quantitative Cytological Instability Score (CIS) based on nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB ≥2%), nuclear buds (NBUD ≥10%), and multinucleated forms in 200 lymphoid cells.
    • Measurement of genomic instability using cytogenetics (Charge of Genomic Instability - CGI) and total chromosomal aberrations.

    Main Results:

    • Nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) frequency correlated significantly with the Charge of Genomic Instability (CGI) (Spearman rho = 0.89, p < 0.0001).
    • Nuclear bud (NBUD) frequency correlated with the total number of chromosomal aberrations (rho = 0.85, p < 0.0001).
    • Increasing CIS categories were associated with more complex cytogenetic architectures and rearranged karyotypes.

    Conclusions:

    • Interphase nuclear morphologies like NPB and NBUD may reflect ongoing breakage-fusion-bridge cycles and underlying structural genomic instability in B-cell malignancies.
    • The Cytological Instability Score (CIS) offers a potential morphology-based framework for assessing cytological manifestations of genomic instability.
    • Larger validation studies are needed to confirm the reproducibility and clinical utility of the CIS in broader cytogenetic contexts.