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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
SN2 Reaction: Transition State02:26

SN2 Reaction: Transition State

An SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide is a single-step process in which bond formation between the nucleophile and the substrate and bond breaking between the substrate and the halide occurs simultaneously through a transition state without forming an intermediate.
When the nucleophile approaches the electrophilic carbon with its lone pairs, the halide acts as a leaving group and moves away with the electron-pair bonded to the carbon. Dotted partial bonds represent the bonds being formed or broken...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Asymmetric Electronic Modulation Accelerating Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer and CO2 Reduction at Strongly Negative

Ruina Li1, Haoyu Long1, Guoen Tang1

  • 1Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An asymmetric Ni-Fe dual-atom electrocatalyst boosts carbon dioxide reduction to CO. It overcomes proton-electron imbalance, maintaining high CO selectivity even at negative potentials.

Keywords:
CO selectivityCO2 reduction reactiondual‐atom electrocatalysthydrogen evolution suppressionproton‐coupled electron transfer

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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx
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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx
09:49

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Published on: May 13, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrochemical CO2 reduction is key for sustainability but faces challenges.
  • Proton-electron imbalance and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) limit selectivity at negative potentials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an electrocatalyst that enhances proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) for efficient CO2 reduction.
  • To address the HER dominance and improve CO2 reduction selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Designed an asymmetric Ni-Fe dual-atom electrocatalyst.
  • Investigated cross-site synergy between Ni and Fe atoms.
  • Analyzed electronic modulation and interfacial proton dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The Ni-Fe catalyst achieved over 95% CO selectivity across a wide potential window (-0.9 to -1.4 V).
  • Demonstrated sustained CO2-to-CO conversion under deeply cathodic conditions.
  • Showcased asymmetric electronic modulation to resolve PCET-HER selectivity conflict.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric electronic modulation is an effective strategy for CO2 reduction.
  • The Ni-Fe dual-atom electrocatalyst offers a promising pathway for carbon neutrality.
  • This approach resolves the intrinsic PCET-HER selectivity conflict in CO2 reduction.