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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...
Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

Oxygen vacancy junctions and hydrogen-transfer pathway control in Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage.

Chenghu Kang1, Yang Zhou2, Han Jiang3

  • 1Department of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lyu Liang, Shanxi 033001, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Oxygen vacancies in Mg-based hydrogen storage catalysts are not always catalytically active. Focusing on the functional "junctions" these vacancies form, rather than just their presence, improves catalyst design and hydrogen transfer control.

Keywords:
Hydrogen-transfer pathwaysInterfacial catalysisMg-based solid-state hydrogen storageOxygen vacancyPathway controlVacancy-bearing junction

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
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Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
10:00

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Hydrogen Storage

Background:

  • Oxygen-vacancy engineering is widely used to enhance Mg-based solid-state hydrogen storage.
  • However, the link between observed oxygen deficiency and actual catalytic performance is often unclear.
  • Vacancy concentration alone does not explain variations in sorption behavior and cycling stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To redefine the role of oxygen vacancies in catalysis.
  • To introduce the concept of a catalytically operative vacancy-bearing junction.
  • To shift focus from defect enumeration to junction operability for improved catalyst design.

Main Methods:

  • Defining a catalytically operative vacancy-bearing junction based on accessibility, electronic coupling, and structural traceability.
  • Linking junction relevance to measurable hydrogen activation and transport consequences.
  • Analyzing representative oxygen-vacancy-enabled systems based on their junction characteristics.

Main Results:

  • A spectroscopically detectable vacancy is not necessarily catalytically relevant.
  • Junctions are pathway-relevant when linked to specific hydrogen activation or transport phenomena.
  • Oxygen vacancies function as elements of junction chemistry, not isolated defects.

Conclusions:

  • Catalyst design should prioritize junction operability and hydrogen-transfer pathway control over simple defect counting.
  • Understanding junction chemistry is key to optimizing hydrogen storage performance and cycling stability.
  • This framework provides a new perspective for developing advanced hydrogen storage materials.