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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
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Cesarean section and maternal atopy increase the risk of allergic rhinitis in offspring: a case-control study

Zixin Liu1, Yani Zeng1, Ru Zhao1

  • 1Xiangtan Medicine & Health Vocational College, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411104, China.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|June 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cesarean section and a history of maternal allergies significantly increase offspring

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent condition in childhood.
  • Maternal factors, including mode of delivery and family history of allergies, are potential contributors to offspring's allergic diseases.
  • Understanding the interplay between cesarean section (CS) and maternal history of allergic diseases (MHAD) is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the independent and interactive effects of CS and MHAD on the risk of developing AR in children.
  • To quantify the combined risk associated with these maternal factors.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 239 children with AR (cases) and 239 children without AR (controls).
  • Frequency matching by sex was employed with a 1:1 ratio.
  • Logistic regression models analyzed associations and interaction effects (multiplicative and additive) between CS, MHAD, and AR risk.

Main Results:

  • Higher rates of CS (50.7%) and MHAD (36.8%) were observed in the AR group compared to controls.
  • Both CS (OR=1.916) and MHAD (OR=1.585) were identified as independent risk factors for childhood AR.
  • A significant multiplicative interaction between CS and MHAD was found (OR=3.472), increasing AR risk by over fivefold.

Conclusions:

  • Cesarean section and maternal history of allergic diseases synergistically elevate the risk of allergic rhinitis in offspring.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering both factors in public health strategies and preventive measures for childhood allergies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Allergic rhinitisCesarean sectionInteractionMaternal history of allergic diseases

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