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Optimizing Holstein bovine oocyte development: Evidence-Based donor selection for OPU-IVP.

Heqiang Li1, Baobao Zhao1, Jingya Wang1

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.

Theriogenology
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production (OPU-IVP) in Holstein cows requires careful donor selection. Body condition score, age, parity, and days in milk significantly impact oocyte quality and embryo development.

Keywords:
Body condition scoreDays in milkDonor selectionHolstein cowOPU-IVPOocyte competenceReproductive factors

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Reproduction
  • Embryology
  • Dairy Science

Background:

  • Ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production (OPU-IVP) is crucial for dairy herd genetic improvement.
  • Limited quantitative criteria exist for selecting optimal donors to maximize oocyte developmental competence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of donor characteristics (BCS, age, parity, DIM, milk yield) on oocyte quality and embryonic development in Holstein cows.
  • To establish quantitative selection criteria for improving OPU-IVP efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 600 multiparous Holstein cows across three commercial farms.
  • Evaluation of oocyte quality (grade A/B cumulus-oocyte complexes) and blastocyst formation rates.
  • Statistical assessment of correlations between donor parameters and reproductive outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Optimal oocyte developmental competence observed in donors with BCS 2.75-3.25, age ≤80 months, parity ≤4, and 50-70 days in milk (DIM).
  • Lower competence in under/overconditioned cows, older cows, and those beyond parity 4.
  • Superior maturation, fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst rates at 50-70 DIM compared to 30-40 DIM.
  • Milk yield did not significantly affect oocyte developmental competence.

Conclusions:

  • Body condition score, age, parity, and days in milk are key determinants for donor selection in OPU-IVP.
  • Implementing these quantitative criteria can enhance embryo production efficiency in commercial Holstein herds.