"Career comes at a cost:" exploring work-related reproductive health concerns of Canadian female firefighters

Female firefighters face unique occupational exposures that may elevate reproductive health risks. Physical exertion during firefighting has been linked to increased stress hormones and elevated blood pressure, while prior studies associate firefighting with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm births and miscarriages. Mental and emotional demands further compound these risks, yet reproductive health concerns among female firefighters remain underexplored in Canada.

This qualitative study employed an interpretive descriptive approach to examine reproductive health concerns and outcomes among Canadian female firefighters. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and were analyzed thematically to identify key experiences and challenges.

Participants reported uncertainty regarding the impact of hazardous exposures on reproductive health and highlighted policy gaps addressing female-specific needs. They described challenges with delayed motherhood, navigating the invisibility of menopause and perimenopausal symptoms, and limited access to resources or information on reproductive risks. Physical exertion and occupational stress were perceived as contributing to adverse reproductive outcomes, while mental and emotional stressors heightened vulnerability.

Findings underscore the urgent need for targeted policies, resources, and interventions to address reproductive health risks among female firefighters. Supporting this occupational group is essential to improving well-being and promoting healthier reproductive outcomes within the fire service.