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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Using Motion Capture Technology in the Instrumented Timed Up and Go Test to Detect the Risk of Falling in Aged Adults
05:26

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Published on: October 25, 2024

Subregion-Specific Prefrontal Activation Predicts Fall Risk and Fall Timing in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive

Chang Yoon Baek1

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Center, National Health Insurance Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea; Graduate School of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Pocheon, South Korea.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Exaggerated prefrontal cortex activation during dual-task walking predicts falls in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. This neural marker is time-sensitive, indicating increased fall vulnerability.

Keywords:
Dual-task walkingFallMild cognitive impairmentPrefrontal cortexRehabilitation

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Published on: February 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at increased risk of falls.
  • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation patterns during complex tasks may reflect cognitive reserve and predict functional decline.
  • Dual-task walking challenges cognitive and motor systems, making it a relevant paradigm for assessing fall risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if time-varying PFC activation during dual-task walking is associated with fall risk in older adults with MCI.
  • To investigate the relationship between PFC activation and time to first fall over a 12-month follow-up period.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective longitudinal cohort study involving 110 community-dwelling older adults with MCI.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measured PFC oxygenated hemoglobin changes during dual-task walking.
  • Fall occurrence and time to first fall were prospectively monitored for 12 months, with statistical analyses adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • 35.5% of participants experienced at least one fall during the 12-month follow-up.
  • Greater early-phase dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) activation during dual-task walking was linked to higher odds of falling (OR=2.36) and shorter time to first fall (HR=3.00).
  • The association between DLPFC activation and falls attenuated over time, indicated by a significant DLPFC-by-time interaction (HR=0.24).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated early-phase DLPFC activation during cognitively demanding walking serves as a time-sensitive neural marker for fall vulnerability in older adults with MCI.
  • Combining cortical activation measures with functional mobility assessments can improve fall risk stratification in clinical and community settings.