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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-Based Assay for Measuring Interactions of CRAF with 14-3-3 Proteins in Live Cells
06:44

Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-Based Assay for Measuring Interactions of CRAF with 14-3-3 Proteins in Live Cells

Published on: March 1, 2024

Beyond Raf-1 inhibition: RKIP's multifaceted roles in cellular homeostasis.

Shaima Albeloushi1, Anwar Mohammad1, Amal Hasan1

  • 1Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) regulates cellular signaling, acting as a metastasis suppressor in cancer and influencing neurobiology and cardiac function. Its dysregulation is linked to diseases, offering therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
GSK3βRKIPRaf-1

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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-Based Assay for Measuring Interactions of CRAF with 14-3-3 Proteins in Live Cells
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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods
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Characterize Disease-related Mutants of RAF Family Kinases by Using a Set of Practical and Feasible Methods

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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP), also known as PEBP1, is a key regulator of intracellular signaling pathways.
  • RKIP modulates diverse cellular processes including homeostasis, cancer suppression, cardiac physiology, and neurobiology.
  • Its function is intrinsically linked to the Raf-1/MEK/ERK cascade, but extends to NF-κB, GRK2, GSK3β, and Aurora B kinase pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of RKIP in various physiological and pathological contexts.
  • To highlight RKIP's function as a metastasis suppressor in oncology.
  • To explore RKIP's involvement in cardiac and neurological functions and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on RKIP.
  • Analysis of RKIP's role in different signaling cascades through phosphorylation-dependent conformational changes.
  • Examination of RKIP's impact on gene expression, including microRNAs and pro-metastatic genes.

Main Results:

  • RKIP acts as a metastasis suppressor by upregulating let-7 microRNA and downregulating genes like HMGA2, BACH1, MMPs, and CXCR4.
  • RKIP influences synaptic signaling, pain perception, and neuroprotection in the nervous system.
  • In cardiomyocytes, RKIP enhances β-adrenergic signaling and provides mitochondrial protection under stress.

Conclusions:

  • RKIP is a critical modulator of cellular signaling with significant implications in cancer, cardiovascular health, and neurological disorders.
  • Dysregulation of RKIP is associated with cancer progression, heart failure, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Targeting RKIP pharmacologically presents a promising therapeutic strategy for a range of pathologies.