Circulating omentin-1 and HMGB1 levels in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Immunology
• Metabolic research

Background:

• Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune condition affecting more than just thyroid hormone levels.
• Investigating novel biomarkers like omentin-1 and HMGB1 offers insights into HT's complex pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate circulating levels of omentin-1 and HMGB1 in patients with HT.
• To examine the association of these biomarkers with clinical and biochemical parameters in HT.
• To assess the diagnostic performance of omentin-1 and HMGB1 for HT.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional study comparing 45 HT patients (on levothyroxine) with 45 healthy controls.
• Serum omentin-1 and HMGB1 levels measured via ELISA.
• Thyroid function, metabolic parameters, and diagnostic accuracy (ROC analysis) assessed.

Main Results:

• Significantly lower omentin-1 and HMGB1 levels observed in HT patients versus controls (p < 0.001).
• HMGB1 demonstrated an AUC of 0.802 (75.6% sensitivity, 75.6% specificity) and omentin-1 an AUC of 0.724 (62.2% sensitivity, 84.4% specificity).
• Biomarker levels remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and insulin levels.

Conclusions:

• HT is associated with reduced omentin-1 and HMGB1, irrespective of euthyroid status on levothyroxine.
• These findings suggest concurrent immune and metabolic dysregulation in HT, potentially not fully restored by hormone therapy.
• Further research is needed to clarify the clinical significance and causality.